Nefrectomia en la edad pediátrica con técnica de cirugia minimamente invasiva: abordaje retroperitoneal como estándar de oro para el paciente sin o con enfermedad renal crónica (premio dr. efrain vargas año 2014) / Nephrectomy in pediatric age with minimally invasive surgery technique: retroperitoneal approach as a gold standard for patients without or with chronic kidney disease (Dr. Efrain Vargas Award 2014)

Existen múltiples patologías del tracto urinario, ya sea congénitas o adquiridas, que requieren de tratamiento quirúrgico de Nefrectomía total o parcial. En el siguiente estudio longitudinal prospectivo se incluyen 21 nefroureterectomías en pacientes pediátricos con patología del tracto urinario con o sin enfermedad renal crónica y algún tipo de terapia de reemplazo renal, realizados con la técnica de Cirugía Minimamente Invasiva (CMI) abordaje retroperitoneal o retroperitoneoscopía. (AU)

There are several urinary tract diseases, such as congenital or adquired, that require total or partial nephrectomy. This prospective longitudinal study included 21 total nephrectomies in pediatric patients with or without end stage renal disease and some kind of renal replacement therapy. All surgeries were done with retroperitoneal approach using minimally invasive surgery (MIS), retroperitoneoscopy. (AU)

Síndrome de Hemivagina Obstruida, Útero Didelfo y Agenesia Renal Ipsilateral (OVHIRA), Drenado Parcialmente por Fístula Útero-Uterina Espontánea / Obstructed Hemivagina Syndrome, Uterus didelphys and Ipsilateral Renal Agenesis (OVHIRA), Partially Drained by Spontaneous Uterine-Uterine Fistula

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El síndrome de hemivagina obstruida, útero didlefo y anomalía renal ipsilateral (OVHIRA) es una malformación mülleriana infrecuente. Objetivo: Se presenta un caso con una complicación no antes descrita y se hace una revisión de la literatura hasta la fecha. Caso clínico: Mujer de 12 años de edad con antecedentes de diagnóstico de útero bicorne y agenesia renal derecha en la infancia. Veintidós meses post menarquia consulta por algia pelviana y dismenorrea premenstrual. Ecografía revela hematómetra en cuerpo uterino izquierdo, de 142 x 69 x 61 mm. Resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) describe además un hematocolpos de 7 x 10 cm y un tabique vaginal transverso de hemivagina izquierda. Se diagnostica OHVIRA y se planifica cirugía para resecar el tabique. Días antes del la cirugía, la paciente tiene episodio de metrorragia. Ecográficamente se constata una disminución considerable del volumen de hematómetra. En la cirugía se pesquisa fístula uterina que comunica útero obstruido izquierdo con útero no obstruido derecho por donde había drenado espontáneamente la hematómetra. Al resecar el tabique vaginal izquierdo se termina de drenar hematómetra y hematocolpos. Al alta, paciente se maneja con dilatación vaginal progresiva por seis meses para evitar la estenosis del tabique. Conclusión: Se presenta una complicación no descrita, fístula útero uterina, de una malformación mülleriana infrecuente (OVHIRA). El proceso diagnóstico meticuloso, la cirugía bien planificada y la dilatación vaginal prolongada permitieron tener éxito en su manejo.

ABSTRACT Background: Obstructed Hemivagina and Ipsilateral Renal Anomaly Syndrome (OHVIRA) is an uncommon Müllerian anomaly. Objective: A case is described and the main complications related to the syndrome are reviewed. Case report: Female, 12 years old, with a medical history of a bicornuate uterus and right renal agenesis diagnosed at birth. Twenty-two months post menarche she seeks medical attention due to pelvic pain, menometrorrhagia and premenstrual dysmenorrhea. An ultrasound revealed a hematometra, of 142 x 69 x 61 mm, in the left uterus. Magnetic resonance imaging also described a 7 x 10 cm hematocolpos and a transverse vaginal septum of the left hemivagina. OHVIRA is diagnosed and surgery is planned to resect the septum. Two days before the surgery, the patient has an episode of abundant metrorrhagia. Ultrasonographically a considerable decrease in the volume of the hematometra is observed. In surgery, a uterine fistula is discovered which communicates the left obstructed uterus with the right unobstructed uterus, where the hematometra had been partially drained. During the procedure, the left vaginal septum is resected, which completes the drainage of the hematometra and hematocolpos. At discharge, the patient undergoes progressive vaginal dilation for six months to avoid stenosis of the septum. Conclusion: An utero-uterine fistula has not been previously described as a complication of OHVIRA. The meticulous diagnostic process, the well planned surgery and the prolonged vaginal dilation allowed for a successful management.

Tratamiento quirúrgico conservador en paciente monorrenal con esclerosis tuberosa y angiomiolipoma complicado: presentación de caso y revisión bibliográfica / Conservative surgical treatment in monorrenal patient with sclerosis and complicated tuberous angiomyolipom: case report and literature review

Los angiomiolipomas renales son formaciones renales que se presentan de forma aislada o asociadas con otras patologías como esclerosis tuberosa o enfermedad de Von Hippel Lindau. Los angiomiolipomas renales se pueden presentar clínicamente con un shock hipovolémico por lesión de uno de sus vasos o con dolor abdominal por efecto masa debido a su tamaño. La resolución de los angiomiolipomas puede ser de manera programada o de urgencia, siendo las vías elegidas la nefrectomía parcial o la embolización arterial selectiva, dependiendo siempre de los recursos que se tengan y la experiencia del equipo quirúrgico.

Renal angiomyolipomas are kidney formations presented in isolation or associated with other diseases such as tuberous sclerosis or Von Hippel Lindau disease. Renal angiomyolipoma may present clinically with hypovolemic shock due to injury of one of its vessels or with abdominal pain due to mass effect because of its size. Angiomyolipomas can be resolved on scheduled basis or emergency, where the chosen ways are partial nephrectomy or selective arterial embolization, always depending on the resources you count on and the experience of the surgical team.

A wet dressing for male genital surgery: A phase II clinical trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of BC dressing when used in surgical male wound healing at the urogenital area. Methods: Open, non-controlled clinical study of phase II. A total of 141 patients, among those children, adolescents and adults with hypospadias (112), epispadias (04), phymosis (13) and Peyronie's disease (12) that had a BC dressing applied over the operated area after surgery. A written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Study exclusion criteria were patients with other alternative treatment indications due to the severity, extent of the injury or the underlying disease. The outcomes evaluated were efficacy, safe and complete healing. The costs were discussed. Results: In 68% patients, the BC dressing fell off spontaneously. The BC was removed without complications in 13% of patients at the outpatient clinic during the follow-up visit and 17% not reported the time of removal. In 3% of the cases, the dressing fell off early. Complete healing was observed between 8th and 10th days after surgery. The BC dressings have shown a good tolerance by all the patients and there were no reports of serious adverse events. Conclusion: The bacterial cellulose dressings have shown efficacy, safety and that can be considered as a satisfactory alternative for postoperative wound healing in urogenital area and with low cost.

Signs and symptoms of developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary tract / Sinais e sintomas das anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário

Abstract Objective: The abnormalities of the genitourinary tract development are the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The diagnosis of this disease in Brazil is late and incomplete, which results in increased morbidity and mortality in this age group. Early diagnosis of this condition is the prerogative of generalist pediatricians, and the aim of this study was to review the clinical signs and symptoms associated with developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. Data sources: Based on the description of a symbolic clinical case, the authors conducted a non-systematic review of medical literature. Data synthesis: The results suggest that the following data should be used as a warning for early diagnosis of affected children: (a) combined urinary tract abnormalities (chromosomal abnormalities; sequence of malformations [VACTERLand Prune-Belly]; and musculoskeletal, digestive tract, heart, and nervous system malformations); (b) previous history (congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract [CAKUT] in the family, low birth weight, and oligoamnios); (c) clinical signs (polyuria/nocturia, urinary tract infection, systemic arterial hypertension, failure to thrive, weak urinary stream, difficulty to start urination, distended bladder, non-monosymptomatic enuresis, urinary/urge incontinence, and bowel and bladder dysfunction); and (d) pre- and postnatal ultrasonographic alterations (increased anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis, mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy; single kidney; hydronephrosis associated with other abnormalities; and hydronephrosis with parenchymal involvement in the post-neonatal assessment). Conclusion: The suggestions shown here can help the pediatrician to establish clinical hypotheses for the early diagnosis of developmental abnormalities of the genitourinary tract without resorting to expensive and invasive procedures.

Resumo Objetivo: As anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário são a principal causa de doença renal crônica (DRC) em crianças. O diagnóstico dessa doença no Brasil é formulado de maneira incompleta e tardia, o que resulta em aumento na morbimortalidade nessa faixa etária. O diagnóstico precoce dessa condição é prerrogativa dos pediatras generalistas e o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar os sinais e sintomas clínicos associados às anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário. Fontes dos dados: A partir da descrição de um caso clínico simbólico, fizemos uma revisão não sistemática da literatura médica. Síntese dos dados: Os resultados sugerem que os seguintes dados devem ser usados como alerta para o diagnóstico precoce das crianças acometidas: a) anomalias do trato urinário compostas (anomalias cromossômicas, sequências de malformações – Vacterl e Prune-Belly, malformações musculoesqueléticas, do trato digestivo, cardíacas e do sistema nervoso); b) antecedentes (anomalias congênitas do rim e trato urinário (CAKUT) na família, baixo peso ao nascer e oligoâmnio); c) sinais clínicos (polaciúria/noctúria, infecção urinária, hipertensão arterial sistêmica, baixo ganho de peso, jato urinário fraco, dificuldade para iniciar a micção, bexigoma, enurese não monossintomática, urge/incontinência urinária, disfunção do intestino e da bexiga) e d) alterações ultrassonográficas ante e pós-natais (diâmetro anteroposterior da pélvis renal aumentado principalmente no terceiro trimestre da gestação, rim único, hidronefrose associada a outras anomalias e hidronefrose com comprometimento de parênquima na avaliação pós-neonatal). Conclusão: As sugestões apresentadas podem ajudar o pediatra a estabelecer hipóteses clínicas para o diagnóstico precoce das anormalidades do desenvolvimento do trato geniturinário sem metodologias caras e invasivas.

Neovaginoplastias: uma revisão dos diversos métodos de tratamento / Neovaginoplasty: a review of different treatment methods

O propósito desta revisão foi analisar os diferentes métodos de neovaginoplastias que vêm sendo executados com o intuito de criar ou ampliar uma neovagina sem excessiva morbidade, a qual seja funcionalmente ativa e traga satisfação com relação a seu aspecto e sua função, promovendo o bem-estar. São descritas todas as possíveis causas de ausência da vagina, sejam elas anomalias congênitas ou mesmo adquiridas. Em vista disso, há uma grande diversidade de métodos terapêuticos propostos, o que indica que o resultado ideal ainda está para ser obtido.(AU)

The purpose of this review was to analyze different neovaginoplasty procedures that have been performed to create or enlarge a new vagina without excessive morbility, which is functionally and aesthetically pleasing, leading to wellbeing. In this issue are described different possible etiologies of vaginal absence, like congenital abnormalities or acquired ones. In this regard, therapeutic methods vary widely, which indicates that ideal results have yet to be obtained.(AU)

Minirressectoscópio de Gubbini / Miniresectoscope of Gubbini

Os instrumentos empregados na histeroscopia cirúrgica experimentaram grandes avanços nos últimos 30 anos e permitiram escolher desde ressectoscópios de 26 e 21 Fr. acoplados a corrente mono ou bipolar até a office hysteroscopy, que contempla o uso de sistemas operatórios de diâmetros semelhantes àqueles empregados na histeroscopia diagnóstica. Essas opções ampliaram e fortaleceram as possibilidades de indicação cirúrgicas, minimizaram riscos e reduziram acentuadamente as contra indicações. A introdução do minirressectoscópio de Gubbini de 16 Fr. na prática histeroscópica permitiu, graças ao seu diâmetro reduzido, a execução de procedimentos ambulatoriais com a técnica de slicing, que aumenta e facilita as possibilidades do see and treat ambulatorial. A funcionalidade do instrumento tem se revelado satisfatória, já que permite a passagem da corrente de mono para bipolar no mesmo ressectoscópio em uso e nas mesmas alças multiuso. A nossa casuística, que compreende 1.350 pacientes e inclui variadas patologias intrauterinas e endocervicais, demonstra uma eficácia de 100% do instrumento, cuja limitação, não categórica, subordina-se aos miomas com diâmetro superior a 3 cm.

The instruments employed in surgical hysteroscopy experienced great advances in the last 30 years, allowing operators to choose from resectoscopes of 26 and 21 fr. coupled with mono or bipolar current, to the use of “office hysteroscopy”, which contemplates the use of operating systems of diameters similar to those employed in diagnostic hysteroscopy. All these options have broadened and strengthened the possibilities of surgical indications, minimizing risk and reducing sharply the contraindications. The introduction of the miniresectoscope of Gubbini of 16 fr. thanks to its reduced diameter, enabled the implementation of outpatient procedures with the technique of “slicing”, increasing andfacilitating the possibilities of “see and treat” outpatient. The functionality of the instrument has proved to be satisfactory as it allows the passage of current from mono to bipolar in the same resectoscope in use and under the same multipurpose handles. Our series,comprising 1,350 patients and including various intrauterine and endocervical pathology, demonstrates an effectiveness of 100% of the instrument, whose limitation, not categorical, is subordinated to the fibroids with diameter greater than 3 cm.

Identidade cirúrgica: o melhor interesse da criança intersexo portadora de genitália ambígua. Uma perspectiva bioética / Surgical identity: the best interest of the intersex child with ambiguous genitalia. A bioethical perspective

Sob a perspectiva da bioética da proteção esta tese tem como objetivo investigar se ascirurgias genitais realizadas em crianças recém-nascidas diagnosticadas como intersexo,portadoras da chamada “genitália ambígua” – uma das “anomalias da diferenciação sexual”(ADS) -, atendem, de fato, a seu melhor interesse. De acordo com a crença médica, énecessário normalizar e ajustar a anatomia do neonato ao padrão morfológico condizentecom o sexo que for “descoberto” pela equipe multidisciplinar, na medida em que é a suaatipicidade anatômica o que dificultaria a pronta afirmação de seu sexo. Em geral, a equipemédica recomenda a imediata realização desses procedimentos por acreditar que o bemestarpsicossexual da criança não será alcançado se houver incongruência entre o fenótipode sua genitália e a identidade de gênero correspondente que, espera-se, desenvolverá.Dada a incapacidade cognitiva do neonato, cabe a seus responsáveis consentirem pelarealização dessas cirurgias irreversíveis. O caso John/Joan, conduzido pelo psicólogo JohnMoney desde 1967, é aqui examinado. Sua utilização para testar a teoria da “plasticidade degênero” que Money e equipe vinham desenvolvendo desde a década de 1950, acabou portransformá-la no paradigma para os casos de mutilação genital e anomalias congênitas emcrianças em boa parte do planeta. Contudo, nos Estados Unidos da América, a partir dasegunda metade da década de 1990, pessoas adultas que haviam sido submetidas a essasmesmas intervenções em sua infância e adolescência começaram a relatar seu sofrimentopsicossexual, o qual, supostamente, seria atribuído às tais cirurgias genitais nelas realizadas. (...)

Based upon the bioethics approach, this thesis aims to investigate whether or not genitalsurgeries on newborn children diagnosed as "intersex", due to their "ambiguous genitalia" -one of the "disorders of sexual development" (DSD) - will undeniably be to their "bestinterest". In accordance with medical belief, it is necessary to normalize and adjust thenewborn's anatomy, in order to conform with the morphological standard of one "sex"only; that is, that of a male or a female. Generally, according to the multi-professional teamin charge, every intersex newborn has a "hidden" sex in his/her body, which, though notobvious, must be "found". In most cases of ambiguous genitalia, the newborn immediatelyundergoes genital surgery, due to a belief that no psychosexual well-being will beexperienced by that child as long as there is some incongruence between his/her genitaliaand the gender identity he/she will come to develop. Moreover, the therapeutics prescribedby the multi-professional team must be conducted upon consent of the newborn's parents,due to his/her lack of cognitive, legal and moral capacity. The infamous John/Joan case -presented to academics and medical professionals in the early 70's by the psychologist JohnMoney - is also examined here, for the relevance of Money's "theory of gender plasticity"consecration by Medicine, in most Western countries, as the paradigm for cases dealingwith children's genital mutilation and congenital disorders. Notwithstanding, initially, in theUnited States, from mid-1990's on, intersex adults started to voice their psychosexualdissatisfaction and suffering, supposedly as the result of genital surgeries they underwentthroughout their infancy and adolescence years.

Conduta frente às malformações genitais uterinas: revisão baseada em evidências / Medical care for uterine genital malformations: evidence-based review

Este trabalho de revisão foi idealizado para analisar as malformações dos ductos de Müller, que, devido à sua frequência de 3 a 7,3% na população em geral, justificam uma análise mais profunda do tema. O objetivo foi avaliar, de acordo com a literatura por meio de metodologia adequada? Os aspectos mais relevantes dessas anomalias, com destaque para a etiopatogenia, classificação, diagnóstico e tratamento. Os resultados obtidos nesta revisão apontaram as melhores evidências, até o momento, de como conduzir as mulheres portadoras dessas malformações.

This review paper was organized in order to analyse Müllerian anomalies, because their frequency from 3 to 7,3% in people in general justify a better evaluation about these malformations. The objective of the study was to evaluate, according to literature - by a proper methodology - the main aspects of these malformations, with special attention to etiology, classification, diagnostic and treatment. The results of this review showed the best evidences up till now of how to manage women with these genital malformations.

Resección histeroscópica del tabique vaginal en el síndrome de herlyn-werner-wünderlich: reporte de un caso / Hysteroscopic resection of the vaginal septum in herlyn-werner-wünderlich syndrome

El síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich es una malformación uterina caracterizada por útero didelfo, hemivagina ciega total o parcial y agenesia renal ipsilateral. Los hallazgos clínicos son variables; en general se manifiesta después de la menarquia como dismenorrea progresiva, secundaria a la criptomenorrea, menos frecuentemente se asocia a infertilidad. Se presenta un caso clínico y su resolución mediante la resección del tabique vaginal por histeroscopia.

Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich syndrome is a uterine malformation characterized by uterus didelphys, unilateral blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Its clinical findings are variable; it generally appears after menarche as progressive dysmenorrhea, secondary to criptomenorrhea, less frecuently it's associated with infertility. We present a case report and its resolution by resection of the vaginal septum trough hysteros-copy.

Morbilidad de las Uropatías Congénitas Obstructivas del Tractus Urinario Superior más frecuentes en Matanzas / Morbidity of the Congenital Obstructive Uropathies of the Upper Urinary Tract more frequently in Matanzas

Se revisa la morbilidad de las más frecuentes anomalías congénitas del Sistema Urinario en la provincia de Matanzas, Cuba, en un período de 30 años. Se encuentra que las más frecuentes malformaciones Urológicas son el Reflujo Vésico Ureteral, la Hidronefrosis Congénita, por compromiso de la unión pielo ureteral, la Estenosis Urétero Vesical y el Ureterocele. Se analizan la incidencia de estas patologías, edad, sexo, raza, síntomas más frecuentes, técnicas quirúrgicas utilizadas y las patologías asociadas

We review the morbidity of the more frequently congenital anomalies of the Upper Urinary System in the province of Matanzas, Cuba, in a period of 30 years. We found that the more frequently urological malformations are the vesico–urethral Reflux; the congenital hydronefrosis for the compromise of the skin-urethral joint; vesico-urethral stenosis and ureterocele. We analyze the incidence of these pathologies, age, sex, race, and more frequent symptoms; used surgical techniques and associated anomalies.

Estado atual do tratamento das malformações genitais / Up-to-date on treatment of mullerian anomalies

As malformações genitais, felizmente pouco freqüentes, são assunto de pouco conhecimento na prática clínica, e por isso, muitas vezes mal conduzidas, prejudicando a qualidade de vida e o futuro reprodutivo das mulheres portadoras. Geralmente, o diagnóstico é tardio, vindo a ocorrer apenas na idade reprodutiva, quando se atenta pela ausência de menstruação, ou por dificuldade de se iniciar a relação sexual, ou ainda, por quadros de infertilidade ou abortamentos de repetição. Muitas destas anomalias podem ser tratadas, proporcionando a estas mulheres uma vida sexual saudável, como nos casos de agenesias vaginais, casos de anomalias obstrutivas, com criptomenorréia, casos de anomalias uterinas, com gestações exitosas após correção cirúrgica. Devido à grande variedade de malformações, várias tentativas de classificá-las foram improdutivas, ou por serem simples demais ou muito complexas, dificultando seu entendimento e a escolha do tratamento. Para eliminar estas dificuldades, a Sociedade Americana de Fertilidade elaborou em 1988 uma classificação que separa as anomalias em grupos com as mesmas manifestações clínicas, o mesmo prognóstico reprodutivo e o mesmo tratamento.

Extrofia Vesical: difícil y complicado tratamiento en el campo de la Urología y Ortopedia / Vesical exstrophy: difficult and complicated treatment in the Urology and Orthopaedics sphere

Se presenta una infrecuente malformación del aparato urogenital de difícil y complicado tratamiento en la esfera de la Urología y la Ortopedia. Es necesario comenzar el proceder quirúrgico de la misma antes de arribar el paciente al año de edad. Se presentan seis casos reportados en el Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Matanzas en los últimos 38 años (enero de 1969 al 2007) de los cuales solamente cuatro fueron operados en nuestro servicio por la Técnica de O'Phelan. De ellos 3 quedaron con incontinencia de orina post-operatoria. Al 4to. paciente se le realizó una urétero sigmoidostomía. Consideramos en nuestra experiencia lo útil del uso de esta técnica y el realizarla en un solo tiempo antes del año de edad.

We present a case of an infrequent bad formation of the urogenital tract of difficult and complicated treatment in the Urology and Orthopaedics sphere. It is necessary to begin its surgical procedure before the patient arrives to the age of one year. We present 6 cases, reported during the last 38 years (from January 1969 to January 2007) at Matanzas Paediatric Hospital; only 4 of them were operated in our service using the O`Phelan technique. 3 of the patients presented a post-surgery urinary incontinence. The 4 th patient was object of a ureteral sigmoidostomy. In our study we assessed the utility of this technique and of its realization at a time before the children are one year old.

Abordaje sagital posterior, una forma de manejo en descensos urogenitales / Later sagittal approach: a technical option for urogenital descent

El abordaje sagital posterior ha sido ampliamente descrito en patología Ano-Rectal; en la última década se ha extendido su utilidad en patologías urológicas complejas. En el presente trabajo se muestra la experiencia de este abordaje en pacientes con Seno urogenital (SUG). Materiales y método: Se realizó en 9 pacientes, 5 por SUG exclusivo (debido a hiperplasia suprarrenal virilizante) y 4 portadoras de cloaca. Resultados: La edad promedio de la cirugía fue de 6 años con un rango de 1 a 16 años. El largo promedio del SUG fue de 4 centímetros (2 a 6 cm.). En una paciente sólo se realizó descenso del canal común dejándolo como uretra pues no permitió el descenso vaginal, esta paciente es portadora de doble vagina y ha evolucionado con hidrocolpos a repetición por lo que ha debido ser drenado en 2 ocasiones. De las 9 pacientes en 2 no se puede evaluar continencia urinaria (1 con vesicostomía y la otra aún no adquiere continencia por edad); de las 7 restantes 2 mantienen un régimen de Cateterismo intermitente limpio, 1 paciente evolucionó con incontinencia de orina de esfuerzo que no ha sido tratado aun pues se está esperando mayor tiempo de postoperatorio (3 meses actualmente), las 4 restantes (todas portadoras de SUG) tienen continencia urinaria normal. 7 pacientes tienen continencia fecal, 2 pacientes no pueden ser evaluadas por estar aún colostomizadas. En cuanto a estenosis vaginal no se ha reoperado a ninguna paciente, requiriendo dilataciones bajo anestesia en 3 de ellas. El seguimiento promedio es de 2 años (3 meses a 5 años). Conclusión: Preferimos el abordaje sagital posterior en SUG de más de 2 cm. por que da un excelente campo quirúrgico, conserva la continencia fecal, disminuye la incidencia de estenosis vaginal y mejora los resultados estéticos. Evita además el uso de colgajos perineales y preservala continencia urinaria cuando no está asociado a cloaca.

The posterior sagittal approach has been broadly described in anorectal pathology. We report our experience with this technique for the management of patients with urogenital sinus (UGS). Materials and methods: It was carried out in 9 patients, 5 for exclusive UGS (due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia) and 4 with cloaca. Results: Mean age was 6 years (range 1 to 16 years). Mean UGS was 4cm (range 2 to 6 cm). In one patient common channel descent was performed leaving it as a urethra since vaginal descent was not feasible, this patient had a double vagina and evolved with hidrocolpos requiring drainage in 2 occasions. Of the 9 patients, 2 could not be evaluated for incontinence (1 pediatric and 1with vesicostomy). Of the remaining 7, 2 are under clean intermittent catheterization, 1 evolved stress urinary incontinence, 4 (all with of UGS) are continent. Seven patients have fecal continence, 2 patients cannot be evaluated because of colostomys. Three patients required dilation for vaginal stricture. Mean follow-up is 2 years (range 3 months to 5 years). Conclusion: We prefer the posterior sagittal approach in UGS of more than 2 cm because it provides an excellent surgical field, it conserves the fecal continence, it diminishes the incidence of vaginal strictures and it improves cosmetics. It also avoids the use of perineal flaps while preserving continence when it is not associated to cloaca.

Hysteroscopic Resection of the Vaginal Septum in Uterus Didelphys with Obstructed Hemivagina: A Case Report

Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. Excision of the obstructed vaginal septum is the treatment of choice for symptom relief and the preservation of reproductive capability. A 14-yr-old girl complained of persistent vaginal spotting following each menstruation. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a uterus didelphys with left hematocolpos and ipsilateral renal agenesis. Instead of conventional transvaginal excision of the vaginal septum, we used hysteroscopic excision under transabdominal ultrasonographic guidance to preserve the integrity of the hymen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and clinical symptoms were completely resolved after this intervention. Resectoscopic excision of the vaginal septum was found to be easy, safe, effective, and appropriate for young women as it preserved hymen integrity. We believe that this is the first Korean report on the use of a hysteroscopy for vaginal septum resection in a patient with uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina.

Supernumerary kidney: a case report

Herpetic infection of the digit is although not common but is being increasingly diagnosed by hand surgeons or the personnel involved in taking care of the hand. A case of herpetic infection of a digit in a four year old child is described. Running title: Herpetic Infection of a Digit

Retrocaval ureter

Two cases of retrocaval ureter are reported. A 22 years old male patient presented to us with the complaints of right flank pain and hematuria and a child of 2 years referred to us for evaluation of right side moderate hydronephrosis detected on ultrasound. The diagnosis was confirmed on intravenous urography and retrograde pyelography. Both the ends were transected and anastomosed above a JJ stent in front of the inferior vena cava. Postoperatively the patients remained asymptomatic and the hydronephrosis improved

Cuerda sin hipospadias: Informe de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Chordee without hypospadias: Report of two case and review

RESUMEN. se informan lo primeros dos pacientes operados en el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad social de Tegucigalpa, con diagnóstico de cuerda sin hipospadias. La técnica utilizada fue corrección en dos tiempos tipo Belt-Fuqua con exelentes resultados funcionales y estéticos. Cuerdas sin hipospadias es una anormalidad congénita muy rara, estos dos casos son los primeros informados en la literatura médica hondureña.